Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your North Germanic shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the North Germanic offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of North Germanic at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a North Germanic? Wrong! If the North Germanic is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about North Germanic then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling North Germanic? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about North Germanic and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your North Germanic wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your North Germanic then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the North Germanic site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about North Germanic, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your North Germanic, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Infobox Language family |name=North Germanic
|altname=Scandinavian
|region=Northern Europe
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=[Indo-European languages
|fam2=[Germanic languages
|child1=[Icelandic language
|child2=[Faroese language
|child3=[Norn language
|child4=[Norwegian language
|child5=[Danish language
|child6=[Swedish language
-->The
North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the
Germanic languages, a sub-family of the
Indo-European languages, along with the
West Germanic languages and the
East Germanic languages. Derived from Proto-Norse and Old Norse, they are spoken in Denmark,
Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands,
Iceland and (to some extent) Greenland, as well as by a significant Swedish minority in
Finland and by immigrant groups mainly in
North America and
Australia. The language group is often called either
Scandinavian or, today, less frequently in the English language,
Nordic languages. The latter term is a direct translation from "nordiska språk", most commonly used by both scholars and laymen in the Nordic countries and is often favored by these when writing in English.
Often however the term
Scandinavian (skandinavisk) is used to designate merely the continental North Germanic languages, i.e. Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian, thus excluding Faroese and Icelandic. For example, in inter-Nordic contexts, texts may be labelled as either Finnish, Icelandic, or Scandinavian, where the latter will be written in either one of the three mutually comprehensible continental languages.Example: the Nordic Council's/Nordic Council of Ministers' political magazine
Analys Norden ().
==Classification==]Traditionally, one has differentiated between two main branches,
West Scandinavian and
East Scandinavian, derived from the western and eastern dialect group of Old Norse, respectively. There was also an Old Gutnish branch spoken on the island of Gotland. The eastern branch consists of
Danish language and Swedish language, along with their various dialects and varieties. The western branch includes
Norwegian language,
Faroese language and
Icelandic language. Later, East Scandinavian along with Norwegian was heavily influenced by
Middle Low German, and therefore another way of classifying the languages — focusing more on mutual intelligibility than the
tree of life-model — posits Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish as
Continental Scandinavian, and Faroese and Icelandic as
Insular Scandinavian.
As a result, Danish and Norwegian may in reality be somewhat more similar to each other than either is to Swedish. Because of the long political union between Norway and Denmark, Norwegian Bokmål shares much of the Danish vocabulary. In addition, because of Danish pronunciation, Swedes usually find it easier to understand Norwegian than Danish. One
witticism about Norwegian that expresses the basic similarities and differences between the languages is that "Norwegian is Danish spoken in Swedish." The relationships between the three languages may be summarized by the diagram below.{] most people can watch Danish television and Denmark can be reached by direct trains to Copenhagen over the Öresund bridge between Sweden and Denmark. 16 000 people commute between the countries every day. People in Scania generally understand spoken Danish far better than people living further north in Sweden. People also have a better knowledge of the unique Danish words. There are at least a couple of hundred words used in everyday speech which differ between Swedish and Danish. Many Swedes work in Denmark and in the Danish areas closest to Sweden people understand Swedish far better than in for example the remote province of
Jutland. Spoken Norwegian is considered more difficult to understand than spoken Danish by people in Scania.
The North Germanic languages are often cited as proof of the
aphorism "A language is a dialect with an army and navy." The differences in dialects within the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark can often be greater than the differences across the borders, but the political independence of these countries leads continental Scandinavian to be classified into Norwegian language,
Swedish language, and Danish language in the popular mind as well as among most linguists. This is also because of the strong influence of the
standard languages, particularly in Denmark and Sweden. Even if the language policy of Norway has been more tolerant of rural dialectal variation in formal language, the prestige dialect often referred to as "Eastern Urban Norwegian", spoken mainly in and around the Oslo region, can be considered to be quite normative. The creation of
Nynorsk out of dialects after Norway became independent of Denmark in 1814 was an attempt to make the linguistic divisions match the political ones.
Family tree
All North Germanic languages are descended from Old Norse. Divisions between subfamilies of North Germanic are rarely precisely defined: Most form continuous clines, with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and the most separated ones not.
Beside the two official written norms of Norwegian, there exist two established unofficial norms:
Riksmål, similar to, but more conservative than Bokmål, which is used in different extent numerous people, especially in the cities and
Høgnorsk "High-Norwegian",similar to Nynorsk, used by a very small minority.
Jamtlandic shares many characteristics with both Trøndersk and with Norrländska mål. Due to this ambiguous position, it is contested whether Jamtlandic belongs to the West Norse or the East Norse language group ().
Älvdalsmål "Älvdalen Speech", generally considered a
Sveamål dialect, today has an official orthography and is, because of a lack of mutual intelligibility with Swedish language, considered as a separate language by many linguists ().
See also
- Differences between Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish
- Scanian (linguistics)
Notes
External links
- Ethnologue Report for North Germanic
- Dictionary with Swedish - English Translations from Webster's Online Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition
- Swedish: Älvdalska, det lokala språket
{{Infobox Language family |name=North Germanic
|altname=Scandinavian
|region=Northern Europe
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=[Indo-European languages
|fam2=[Germanic languages
|child1=[Icelandic language
|child2=[Faroese language
|child3=[Norn language
|child4=[Norwegian language
|child5=[Danish language
|child6=[Swedish language
-->The
North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the
Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the
East Germanic languages. Derived from Proto-Norse and Old Norse, they are spoken in
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the
Faroe Islands, Iceland and (to some extent) Greenland, as well as by a significant Swedish minority in
Finland and by immigrant groups mainly in North America and Australia. The language group is often called either
Scandinavian or, today, less frequently in the English language,
Nordic languages. The latter term is a direct translation from "nordiska språk", most commonly used by both scholars and laymen in the
Nordic countries and is often favored by these when writing in English.
Often however the term
Scandinavian (skandinavisk) is used to designate merely the continental North Germanic languages, i.e. Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian, thus excluding Faroese and Icelandic. For example, in inter-Nordic contexts, texts may be labelled as either Finnish, Icelandic, or Scandinavian, where the latter will be written in either one of the three mutually comprehensible continental languages.Example: the Nordic Council's/Nordic Council of Ministers' political magazine
Analys Norden ().
==Classification==]Traditionally, one has differentiated between two main branches,
West Scandinavian and
East Scandinavian, derived from the western and eastern dialect group of Old Norse, respectively. There was also an
Old Gutnish branch spoken on the island of Gotland. The eastern branch consists of Danish language and Swedish language, along with their various dialects and varieties. The western branch includes Norwegian language,
Faroese language and
Icelandic language. Later, East Scandinavian along with Norwegian was heavily influenced by
Middle Low German, and therefore another way of classifying the languages — focusing more on
mutual intelligibility than the
tree of life-model — posits Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish as
Continental Scandinavian, and Faroese and Icelandic as
Insular Scandinavian.
As a result, Danish and Norwegian may in reality be somewhat more similar to each other than either is to Swedish. Because of the long political union between Norway and Denmark, Norwegian Bokmål shares much of the Danish vocabulary. In addition, because of Danish pronunciation, Swedes usually find it easier to understand Norwegian than Danish. One witticism about Norwegian that expresses the basic similarities and differences between the languages is that "Norwegian is Danish spoken in Swedish." The relationships between the three languages may be summarized by the diagram below.{] most people can watch Danish television and Denmark can be reached by direct trains to Copenhagen over the Öresund bridge between Sweden and Denmark. 16 000 people commute between the countries every day. People in Scania generally understand spoken Danish far better than people living further north in Sweden. People also have a better knowledge of the unique Danish words. There are at least a couple of hundred words used in everyday speech which differ between Swedish and Danish. Many Swedes work in Denmark and in the Danish areas closest to Sweden people understand Swedish far better than in for example the remote province of Jutland. Spoken Norwegian is considered more difficult to understand than spoken Danish by people in Scania.
The North Germanic languages are often cited as proof of the
aphorism "
A language is a dialect with an army and navy." The differences in dialects within the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark can often be greater than the differences across the borders, but the political independence of these countries leads continental Scandinavian to be classified into
Norwegian language,
Swedish language, and
Danish language in the popular mind as well as among most linguists. This is also because of the strong influence of the standard languages, particularly in Denmark and Sweden. Even if the language policy of Norway has been more tolerant of rural dialectal variation in formal language, the prestige dialect often referred to as "Eastern Urban Norwegian", spoken mainly in and around the
Oslo region, can be considered to be quite normative. The creation of
Nynorsk out of dialects after Norway became independent of Denmark in 1814 was an attempt to make the linguistic divisions match the political ones.
Family tree
All North Germanic languages are descended from Old Norse. Divisions between subfamilies of North Germanic are rarely precisely defined: Most form continuous clines, with adjacent
dialects being mutually intelligible and the most separated ones not.
- Proto-Norse language
- West Scandinavian
- East Scandinavian
- Gutnish
- Language/dialect spoken on Gotland (see Gutnish)
Beside the two official written norms of Norwegian, there exist two established unofficial norms:
Riksmål, similar to, but more conservative than Bokmål, which is used in different extent numerous people, especially in the cities and
Høgnorsk "High-Norwegian",similar to Nynorsk, used by a very small minority.
Jamtlandic shares many characteristics with both Trøndersk and with Norrländska mål. Due to this ambiguous position, it is contested whether Jamtlandic belongs to the West Norse or the East Norse language group ().
Älvdalsmål "Älvdalen Speech", generally considered a
Sveamål dialect, today has an official orthography and is, because of a lack of mutual intelligibility with Swedish language, considered as a separate language by many linguists ().
See also
- Differences between Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish
- Scanian (linguistics)
Notes
External links
- Ethnologue Report for North Germanic
- Dictionary with Swedish - English Translations from Webster's Online Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition
- Swedish: Älvdalska, det lokala språket
North Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West ...
Proto-Norse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Proto-Norse (also Proto-Scandinavian, Primitive Norse, Proto-Nordic, Ancient Nordic, Old Scandinavian and Proto-North Germanic) was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia ...
North Germanic definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
North Ger·man·ic: noun : Definition: 1. language group comprising Scandinavian languages: a group of Germanic languages that includes Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, and ...
North Germanic - definition of North Germanic by the Free Online ...
North Germanic. n. A subdivision of the Germanic languages that includes Norwegian, Icelandic, Swedish, Danish, and Faroese. Also called Norse, Scandinavian.
north germanic definition |Dictionary.com
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Category:North Germanic languages - Wikimedia Commons
Media in category "North Germanic languages" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total.
North Germanic definition of North Germanic in the Free Online ...
Norse, another name for the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages Germanic languages ...
North Germanic. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English ...
North Germanic. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
North Germanic: meaning and definitions — Infoplease.com
North Germanic: Definition and Pronunciation
North Germanic - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about North Germanic
Nordic. Ethnic designation for any of the various Germanic peoples, especially those of Scandinavia. The physical type of Caucasoid described under that term is tall, long-headed ...
